What to expect when your rabbit is spayed or neutered

The phrase “breeding like rabbits” holds true, as an unneutered pair of rabbits will reproduce rapidly and frequently, leading to unexpected litters for many owners. For those who are not involved in responsible breeding programmes with high-quality pedigree rabbits, spaying or neutering your pet is essential once they reach the appropriate age. This not only prevents unwanted reproduction but also reduces aggressive behaviour and lowers the risk of reproductive health issues later in life.

This guide offers a comprehensive overview of the spaying and neutering procedures for rabbits, in addition to what you can expect during your pet’s recovery and the long-term benefits of the surgeries.

Neutering Male Rabbits: Process and Benefits

Male rabbits are usually neutered through castration, a surgical procedure that involves removing the testicles through a small incision in the scrotum or abdomen. Neutered rabbits become less likely to fight with other males, which makes keeping males together manageable, and reduces urine marking—a common cause of unpleasant odours and stress among other rabbits.

Neutering is best performed when male rabbits are between 10 weeks and six months old, ideally before undesirable behaviours like aggression and marking have fully developed, although some habits may persist if delayed. The surgery is typically quick and less invasive than spaying females, resulting in faster recovery.

Spaying Female Rabbits: Procedure Details and Advantages

Spaying a female rabbit involves a more complex surgery called an ovariohysterectomy, which removes the ovaries and uterus through an incision on either the abdomen or flank. This procedure prevents sexual maturity-driven behaviours such as roaming for mates and fighting with other females.

Spaying also dramatically reduces the risk of uterine or ovarian cancer, common and potentially fatal in unspayed females, and may increase your rabbit’s lifespan. Females are generally spayed once they reach sexual maturity, typically from around five to six months of age, though this may vary slightly with different breeds.

Recovery times following spaying are longer and require more careful management due to the invasive nature of the surgery. Ensuring your female rabbit has a calm, clean, and comfortable environment is crucial for healing.

Post-Operative Care: What to Expect and How to Help Your Rabbit Recover

Rabbit anaesthesia carries unique challenges, as their digestive system remains active due to their grazing habits. Unlike dogs or cats, rabbits should have access to hay right up until the procedure to maintain gut motility and reduce the risk of post-operative complications.

After surgery, your rabbit will be closely monitored at the veterinary practice until it begins eating again, which is a key indicator of recovery. Most rabbits resume eating within a few hours of waking from anaesthesia, though some may require appetite stimulants to encourage feeding.

Once home, create a quiet, safe recovery area for your pet. Isolate the rabbit from others temporarily to prevent injury or infection but keep them within sight to offer reassurance. Maintain pristine hygiene for bedding and the living area to support wound healing.

Follow-up vet appointments are essential to check the surgical site and remove or monitor stitches. Most vets use dissolvable stitches, but your vet will guide you on appropriate care.

Behavioural Changes and Health Benefits After Surgery

Neutered and spayed rabbits generally become more affectionate, sociable, and easier to litter train. The removal of reproductive hormones reduces territorial aggression, fighting, and urine marking, significantly improving the quality of life for both pets and owners.

It is important to note that male rabbits remain fertile for about 4 to 6 weeks post-neutering, so males should be kept away from unspayed females during this time to avoid unwanted pregnancies. Altering both rabbits in a bonded pair is necessary to maintain harmony and health.

Long-term, spaying and neutering can prevent common reproductive cancers in females and reduce stress-related behavioural problems in males, contributing to a longer, healthier life.

Summary and Responsible Ownership

Spaying or neutering your rabbit involves carefully timed surgical procedures followed by attentive and compassionate post-operative care. The benefits extend beyond preventing unwanted litters, enhancing behavioural traits and physical health. By spaying or neutering your rabbits, you contribute to responsible pet guardianship and welfare.

If you are considering adopting rabbits for sale, always look for reputable breeders or adoption centres that prioritise animal welfare and responsible breeding practices.